Electrodiagnostic tests (EDX) is essential for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). EDX could provide information about demyelinating pathology in the peripheral nerves. According to phenotypes, CIDP could be classified several phenotypes, which has different clinical manifestations, EDX could present a different distribution pattern of demyelinating lesions. In addition, EDX could be useful markers for predicting treatment response of prognosis of CIDP.

Nerve conduction study (NCS) is an electrophysiological tool to assess the overall function of cranial and peripheral nervous system, therefore NCS has been diagnostically helpful in the identification and characterization of disorders involving nerve roots, peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junction, and are frequently accompanied by a needle Electromyography. Furthermore, NCS could provide valuable quantitative and qualitative results into neuromuscular function. Usually, motor, sensory, or mixed nerve studies can be performed with using NCS, stimulating the nerves with the recording electrodes placed over a distal muscle, a cutaneous sensory nerve, or the entire mixed nerve, respectively. And these findings of motor, sensory, and mixed nerve studies often show different and distinct patterns of specific abnormalities indicating the neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this special article is to review the neurophysiologic usefulness of NCS, to outline the technical factors associated with the performance of NCS, and to demonstrate characteristic NCS changes in the setting of various neuromuscular conditions.

Citations

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  Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi.2025; 72(2): 165.     CrossRef
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  Eun-Young Kim, Mi-Yeon Lee, Bum-Chun Suh
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(3): 864.     CrossRef
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  Frontiers in Physiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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• Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Nerve Conduit with Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in a Rat Model
  Jong-Yoon Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Boo-Young Kim, Dae-Hyun Jang, Sung-Wook Choi, So-Hyun Joen, Hyungyun Kim, Sang-Uk Lee
  Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.2021; 18(3): 453.     CrossRef
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Background: Early detection of neuropathy may prevent further progression of this complication in the diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of early neuropathic complication in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: Nerve conduction studies (median, ulnar, posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves) were performed for 49 type 1 (27 males, mean 14.1±7.5 years) and 40 type 2 (27 males, 42.0±14.1 years) diabetic patients at onset of diabetes. Children with age at onset under 4 years and adults over 55 years were excluded to eliminate the aging effect and the influence of obstructive arteriosclerosis. Neuropathy was defined as abnormal nerve conduction findings in two or more nerves including the sural nerve. Results: Mean HbA1c level was 12.6±3.3% for type 1 and 10.5±2.9% for type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of neuropathy was 12.2% for type 1, and 35.0% for type 2 diabetes, respectively. There were significant trends in the prevalence of neuropathy with increasing age (p<0.05). The effect of the mean level of glycosylated hemoglobin on the prevalence of polyneuropathy at onset of diabetes was borderline (p=0.0532). Neither sex of the patients nor the type of diabetes affected the neurophysiologic abnormalities at the diagnosis. Conclusions: Even in a population with diabetes at the diagnosis, the prevalence of subclinical neuropathy was not low. Neuropathy has been significantly associated with increasing age indicating the possibility of longer duration of undetected diabetes among them, especially in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a mononeuropathy affecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The disease is often diagnosed clinically, but electrophysiological tests play an important role. The aim of this study is to clarify clinical characteristics of MP as well as the role of sensory nerve conduction study (NCS) in the diagnosis of MP. Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of MP between March 2001 and June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed at a single tertiary center. General demographics, clinical characteristics and sensory NCS findings were investigated. Measurements of sensory NCS included the baseline-to-peak amplitude, side-to-side amplitude ratio and the conduction velocity. To compare between the normal and abnormal NCS groups, independent t-tests and chisquare test were performed. Results: Sixty-five patients had male predominance (56.9%) with mean age of 48.4±13.4 years (range: 16-75). Seven patients (13.5%) had undergone operation or procedure before the symptom onset. The sensory nerve action potentials were obtainable in 52 (80%) of 65 clinically diagnosed MP patients. Sensory NCS revealed abnormalities in 38 patients (73.1%), and others (n=14, 26.9%) showed normal findings. Between the normal and abnormal NCS groups, there is no statistically significant difference on demographics or clinical features. Conclusions: We clarify the clinical features and sensory NCS findings of MP patients. Due to several limitations of sensory NCS, the diagnosis of MP could be accomplished both clinically and electrophysiologically.

Citations

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  Oxford Medical Case Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
ad Aims : Nerve conduction study is invaluable in clinical neurology, especially for assessing peripheral neuropathies. Abnormal nerve conduction studies may result not only from peripheral nerve dysfunction itself, but also from other various mechanical, technical, and physiological factors such as age, sex, height and temperature. So we conducted this study to establish the our own normal values. Methods : In this study, from March. 1997 to July. 1998, 40 Korean adults among person came to Health Promotion extremity and distal segments. Physiological factors such as age, height and temperature affect the results of nerve conduction studies in multiple regression analysis. The sex difference is recognized over peroneal motor nerve. There are no sex difference in amplitude transformed into normal distribution. The significant physiological factor affecting

Purpose
: Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is a disorder of median nerve at wrist. it is usually diagnosed through clinical manifestation and nerve conduction study(NCS). However, sometimes, NCS does not provide a reliable evidence to reach the diagnosis. Thus, authors performed this study to determine whether NCS was correlated with specific parameters measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which might become a potential complemental diagnostic tool. Methods : We performed MRI in 34 wrists of 18 patients with clinical manifestations of CTS and pathologic nerve conduction values and analyzed them at levels of the distal radioulnar joint, pisiform and hook of hamate. Results : Increase in the cross-sectional area of the median nerve a the pisiform level and flattening, increased signal intensity, and contrast enhancement of the median nerve at levels of the pisiform and hook of hamate were statistically significant, Change in cross sectional areas between the distal radioulnar joint and hamate and the signal intensities at levels of pisiform and hamate were well correlated with the median nerve conduction velocity. Conclusions : Characteristic MRI findings in CTS reported previously were well demonstrated and some of MRI parameters are well correlated with nerve conduction study. MRI, despite cost, may help in evaluating CTS.

Anorexia nervosa(AN) is a disorder characterized by disturbance of body image, fear of gaining weight, severe weight loss and, in female, amenorrhea. Compared with normal persons, patients with AN have neuropathic symptoms more frequently. But electrophysiologic abnormalities have rarely been reported. We experienced a case with recurrent neuropathic symptoms after severe weight loss. Further evaluation revealed AN. Electrophysiologic study showed sensorimotor polyneuropathy and focal neuropathy with conduction block. As far as we know, this feature of neuropathy in AN has not been described. We describe unusual feature of neuropathy in our patient with literature review.

Background
and Objectives: A nerve conduction study (NCS) has been known as a useful method to evaluate thetherapeutic effect of operation in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). To evaluate the temporal relationship between symptomaticand electrophysiological improvement, we compared the preoperative symptoms and electrophysiological resultswith postoperative those.Methods: We analyzed the NCS changes before and after minimal release of carpal tunnel in 26 patients (34 hands)with CTS. The time of postoperative symptomatic changes, postoperative electrophysiological changes and temporalrelationship between symptomatic and electrophysiological changes were evaluated.Results: The mean age was 49

The Lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of sural nerve (LDCB) is a terminal sensory branch of lower extremities. It canbe injured frequently in peripheral nerves. However, the normal data of each component of nerve conduction study(NCS) of were not studied at this time. The Nerve Conduction Study of LDCB adults were assessed for amplitude, area,duration and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in normal fifty. We also evaluated how age, sex and dexterity affect thevarious components of NCS. The Mean amplitude of LDCB was 9.45

B a c k g r o u n d s: The pathway of the sural nerve (SN) is variable, but usually divided into medial and lateral suralbranches joining the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) and the peroneal nerve (PN). The sural nerve may be affected by PNpalsy. The frequency or the severity of SN involvement in peroneal palsy is not known. The purpose of the study is toinvestigate the frequency and the severity of the SN involvement by the peroneal nerve palsy.Methods: Total 85 patients were included with peroneal palsy. Amplitudes of distal peroneal, sural, and superficialperoneal nerves (SPN) were compared between normal and paralyzed sides. The frequency and severity of SN involvementby peroneal palsy were investigated.Results: Mean age was 48.4

B a c k g r o u n d: The study of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MABCN) is an underused electrodiagnostic tool. But its use is often crucial for assessing mild lower brachial plexus or MABCN lesions, and sometimes for differentiating an ulnar mononeuropathy from a lower brachial plexopathy. This study was designed to know the difference of amplitude and velocity in a stimulation method (orthodromic vs antidromic), side of an arm and sex according by age.Method: MABCN conduction studies were performed orthodromically and antidromically in 90 subjects (42 women and 48 men, ranging from 22 to 79 years of age). We divided subjects into three groups by age (group 1: 20-39 years, group 2: 40-59 years, group 3: 60-79 years). The mean sensory nerve action potential amplitudes and sensory nerve conduction velocities in each group was compared by stimulation method, side of an arm and sex.Result: The amplitudes and velocities made a significant difference between orthodromic and antidromic method in all age groups. At comparison in amplitude and velocity by side of an arm, only amplitude was significantly higher in right arm than left by any stimulation method. The amplitudes and velocities were of no statistically differences in sexexcept amplitude checked orthodromically in right arm.Conclusion: This study suggests that there is the differences in conduction study of MABCN by stimulation method and side of an arm.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (INM) is well known to be useful method to reduce intraoperative complications during the surgery of nervous system lesions. Evoked potentials are most commonly used among the electrophysiological tests. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials are for detecting the problems along the auditory pathways including the eighth cranial nerve and brainstem. Somatosensory evoked potentials are applied for preventing the spinal cord lesions. The INM is affected by many factors. In order to perform an optimal INM, the confounding factors including technical, anesthetical, and individual factors should be kept well under control. INM has frequent electrophysiologic changes during the surgery and it might be helpful to keep one

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most frequently encountered form of neuropathy in diabetic patients, and it either relentlessly progresses or remains relatively stable for many years, not showing any trend towards improvement. From this point of view, early detection of DPN is very important to prevent the irreversible change of the peripheral nerve from diabetic insults. Although a number of clinical symptoms and/or deficit scales have been developed for clinical or research purposes, nerve conduction study (NCS) has been known one of the most objective and sensitive tools to detect peripheral nerve dysfunctions in diabetic patients. NCS, however, also have several shortcomings. The next two consecutive articles will focus on debates about diagnostic usefulness of NCS and on recent updates of other diagnostic tests including quantitative sensory testings and skin biopsy in the field of diabetic polyneuropathy.

Background
: The term