In clinical neurology various different electrophysiological tests are widely used to demonstrate the unsuspected malfunctioning in the nervous system and to monitor over time the clinical status of patients. In addition clinical neurologists and neurosurgeons take advantage of the intraoperative monitorings to increase the quality of neurosurgical operations in the posterior fossa, in the spinal cord, or in visual pathways. In the field of movement disorders, electrophysiological tests provide neurologists with making accurate differential diagnoses with useful therapeutic tests it could be possible for us to evaluate the types of blephalospasm, the extent of hemifacial spasm, the level of myoclonus, and the prime muscle of torticollis etc. Sometimes the myographic guidance may be critical for choosing the exact injecting site of botulinum toxin. These several decades various electroencephalographic and evoked potential tests had been utilized in the electrophysiological laboratories to understand the basic pathophysiology of myoclonus, spasticity and other central motor dysfunctions. It could be one of the breakthroughs in the area of behavorial neurology that the brain function can be mapped by the spontaneous or evoked electrical activities of nervous system since the movement related potentials (MRPs) had been studies for several decades. Various reflex tests such as masseter reflex, blink reflex, click evoked vestibulocollic reflex, facial reflex, stretch reflex, flexor reflex, H-reflex recovery curve, vestibulbar inhibition of H-reflex, reciprocal inhibition, recurrent or Renshaw reflex, Ib inhibition, cutaneous reflex have been also used to understand normal or abnormal physiology in movement disorders. Polysomnography, posturography and gait studies are also applied in clinical neurology in association with movement disorders which are useful in deciding the treatment regimen.

Neuro-ophthalmological findings are common and occasionally prominent features in movement disorders. Accordingly,careful evaluation of the ocular motor functions may provide valuable information in early detection of the diseases andmonitoring of the progression. Furthermore, accurate assessment of the abnormal ocular motor findings aids in understandingthe pathophysiology and mechanisms of the movement disorders, and in their differential diagnosis. Ocular motility examinationshould include bedside evaluation and laboratory recording of the fixational abnormalities, saccades, smooth pursuit, thevestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic nystagmus, and vergence eye movements. In this review, we will discuss various ocularmotor findings in ataxia and parkinsonian syndromes, and hyperkinetic movement disorders.