Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic regional pain disorder that most frequently affects the limbs. It is characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema, motor disturbance, and vasomotor instability, and typically occurs following surgery or trauma. In type-I CRPS there is no confirmed nerve injury, while peripheral nerve injury is present in type-II CRPS. The multifactorial pathophysiological etiology of CRPS includes inflammation, autoimmune responses, abnormal cytokine production, autonomic dysfunction, altered blood flow, psychological factors, and central cortical reorganization. There are no specific laboratory diagnostic tools for CRPS, and so it is diagnosed clinically. The Budapest criteria are currently the most-accepted diagnostic criteria.

Citations

• Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Updates and Current Evidence
  Yeng F. Her, Eva Kubrova, Marissa Dombovy-Johnson, Mariam ElSaban, Karson Mostert, Ryan S. D’Souza
  Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Repor.2024; 12(1): 50.     CrossRef
• Task-based and Magnified Mirror Therapy for Unilateral Spatial Neglect among post-stroke subjects: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  Kamal Narayan Arya, Shanta Pandian, Divya Pandey, G. G. Agarwal, Neera Chaudhary, Monika Halicka
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0296276.     CrossRef
• Diagnosis and Management of Knee Arthrofibrosis and Associated Pain-Related Fear Using Multidimensional Clinical Reasoning and Exposure In Vivo Concept: A Case Report
  Mohammad Jamali, Kevin McEnroy, Logan W. Gaudette, Zafeer Baber, Ryan J. Stoddard
  JOSPT Cases.2024; 4(3): 121.     CrossRef
• Nuclear Imaging in Orthopaedic Practice
  Alvaro Ibaseta, Ahmed Emara, Ignacio Pasqualini, Benjamin Jevnikar, Ceylan Colak, Oguz Turan, Shujaa T. Khan, Matthew E. Deren, Nicolas S. Piuzzi
  JBJS Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef