Hereditary myopathy is characterized by the weakness of skeletal muscles and is associated with various genetic defects. The efficiency of a genetic diagnosis has been archived with wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) recently. However, the establishment of the correct diagnosis of hereditary myopathy is still challenging and sometimes requires other methods of genetic analysis besides NGS. Therefore, clinicians still have crucial roles in analyzing the causative genes. In this article, we introduced the genetic analysis approach in the clinical field.

Background: Bell’s palsy (BP) is the most common cause of unilateral lower motor facial palsy. Recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve is unusual and reported in only 7-8%.
Methods: A total of 394 consecutive patients with acute BP patients were enrolled at Daegu Catholic University Hospital from July 2005 to September 2012. We classified the patients into two groups-single BP and recurrent BP-and compared them by patient characteristics, clinical features, MRI findings, electrophysiologic findings and prognosis. The degree of BP was graded according to the House and Brackmann facial nerve grading system.
Results: Recurrent BP was observed in 31 (7.9%) patients. The number of recurrence was varied from 2 to 5. The recurrent BP (9.7%) had more incidence of family history and MRI enhancement than those of single BP (2.2%, p=0.047). The single BP (63.4%) had better recovery than recurrent BP (45.2%, p=0.045).
Conclusions: The recurrent BP had more incidence of family history, MRI enhancement and poor prognosis than the single BP.

Citations

• Characteristics and Treatment Methods of Bell’s Palsy in Patients Visiting Korean Medicine Hospitals From August 2018 to July 2021
  Hyeon Kyu Choi, Min Ju Kim, Young Rok Lee, Hyun Ji Cha, Hyun Jin Jang, So Jeong Kim, Ju Hyun Jeon, Young Il Kim
  Journal of Acupuncture Research.2022; 39(2): 122.     CrossRef
• Correlation of Internal & External Factors with the Beginning Period of Improvement in Idiopathic Facial Paralysis※
  Hee Jin Sung, Su Sie Lim, Hyun Young Choi, Eun Yong Lee, Jung Du Roh, Cham Kyul Lee
  The Acupuncture.2016; 33(1): 57.     CrossRef
• A Clinical Study on Children and Adolescents Who Visited the Hospital of Korean Medicine for 284-Peripheral Facial Palsy
  Ki Yeon Kang, Hye Lim Lee, Jae Kyung Han, Yun Hee Kim
  The Journal of Korean Oriental Pediatrics.2014; 28(4): 45.     CrossRef

Background
Acute transverse myelitis(ATM) is a group of disorders characterized by focal inflammation of the spinal cord and resultant neural injury. It can be diagnosed by Transverse Myelitis Consortium WorkingGroup(TMCWG) criteria. But there are some cases which were not satisfied with idiopathic ATM criteria, both clinically and radiologically, especially in acute stage. So we analyzed 27 cases retrospectively, which were diagnosed as idiopathic ATM.
Methods
All the records of the patients at Gil Medical Center with a diagnosis of idiopathic ATM from 2001 to 2005 were reviewed. And clinical manifestations including neurological examination, radiologic features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were analyzed.
Results
Among the patients(20 men and 7 women; mean age, 45.3 years), 11 cases could not be diagnosed as idiopathic ATM according to the TMCWG criteria ; 6 cases did not have well marginated upper sensory level and 5 cases were not satisfied with spinal cord inflammation.
Conclusions
Although most cases of suspected idiopathic ATM were suitable for TMCWG criteria, some cases were not satisfied with this diagnostic criteria, especially in acute stage. Subsequent study might be needed to evaluate the reliability and clinical application of the criteria.

Recent advances in computer science made EEG more informative device. Quantification and mapping of the EEG and its incorporation with MRI or other neuroimaging enabled us source localization more clearly. With spectral analysis of EEG waves, neurometrics is a basic concept of cortical EEG mapping. Multivariate analysis and discriminant analysis of neurometric afford improved detectability of abnormal EEG and differential diagnosis as well. Quantitative EEG analysis is very useful in clinical field of bipolar and monopolar affective disorders, schizophrenia, and dementia. Dementia of Alzheimer type and vascular dementia may be reliably defferentiaed by quantitative EEG analysis. Wide variation of normal EEG, difficulty in detection of very brief abnormal discharges, and artifacts commonly occurs in EEG recording are major confrontation in quantitative EEG analysis. Despite of these disadvantages, application of chaos and neural network theory, advances of high-resolution EEG, and the development of other functional neuroimaging techniques may enhance the role of quantitative EEG.

Purpose
: Eyeball movement is one of the main artifacts in EEG. A new approach to the removal of these artifacts is presented using independent component analysis(ICA). This technique is a signal-processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals. This study was performed to show that ICA is a useful method for the separation of EEG components with little data deformity. Methods : 12 sets of 10 sec digital EEG data including eye opening and closure were obtained using international 10~20 system scalp electrodes. ICA with 18 tracings of double banana bipolar montage was performed. Among obtained 18 independent components, two components, which were thought to be eyeball movements were removed. Other 16 components were reconstructed into original bipolar montage. Power spectral analysis of EEGs before and after ICA was done and compared statistically. Total 12 pairs of data were compared by visual inspection and relative power comparison. Results : Waveforms of each pair looked alike by visual inspection. Means of relative before and after ICA were 29.16% vs. 28.27%, 12.12% vs. 12.41%, 10.55% vs. 19.52%, and 19.33% vs. 18.33% for alpha, beta, theta, and delta, respectively. These values were statistically same before and after ICA. Conclusions : We found little data deformity after ICA and it was possible to isolate eyeball movements in EEG recordings. Many other components of EEG could be selectively separated using ICA.

Background
The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of kinematic gait analysis of normal Koreanadults with 3 dimensional electrogoniometer, DomotionⓇ.Method: The basic kinematic gait parameters of hip, knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane were obtained from10 healthy adults with 5 repetition for each. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed with DomotionⓇ electrogoniometerin 10 meters long flat floor. Each data collected was processed with IBM PC equipped with gait analysis program.R e s u l t s: Mean maximal hip flexion was 23.05

Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference between the hemiplegic patients and controlswith the newly developed three demensional electrogoniometer gait analysis program.Methods: The basic kinematic data of hip, knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and of temporospatial gaitparameters were obtained from 25 hemiplegic patients and 25 healthy adults with three-dimensional electrogoniometerDomotionⓇResults: Significant difference were observed between patients and controls in kinematic parameters. Mean maximalhip flexion of healthy adults and hemiplegic limb of patient was 32.89

Background: Bell's palsy (BP) is a self-limited rapid onset facial palsy that is non-life-threatening and has a generally favorable prognosis. Facial paralysis can be caused by numerous conditions, all of which should be excluded before thediagnosis of BP is reached. The etiopathogenesis and clinical course of BP are uncertain. So we analyzed the epidemiology and clinical course of BP patients.

Methods: The subjects include 100 cases of BP examined during the period of 18 months. Careful clinical history, neurologic examinations, laboratory tests, electrophysiologic studies, and brain imaging were performed. Follow-up examinations were done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 3 months. Facial nerve function was assessed by House-Brackman (HB) facial nerve grading scale and electrophysiologic studies. Results: Except 13 recurrent BP patients, we analyzed 87 BP patients. Forty-four (50.6%) were men and 43(49.4%) were women and the mean age was 51.0(

B a c k g r o u n d : Spatial analysis of EEG is a phenomenal assessment and not so informative for phase space anddynamic aspect of EEG data. In contrast, nonlinear EEG analysis attempts to characterize the dynamics of neural networksin the brain. We have analyzed the features of EEG nonlinearly in subjects with white matter change on brainMRI and compared the results with cognitive function in each.Methods : Digital EEG data were taken for 30 seconds in 9 subjects with white matter degeneration and in 5 healthynormal controls without white matter change on MRI. Then we analyzed them nonlinearly to calculate the correlationdimension(D2) using the MATLAB software. The cognitive function was assessed by 3MS(modified mini-mental stateexamination). The severity of white matter change was assessed by Scheltens scale.Results : The mean D2 value of normal control was greater than that of white matter degeneration group. The D2s ofsome channels were correlative with 3MS and degree of white matter degeneration significantly.Conclusions : nonlinear analysis of EEG can be used as one of adjuvant functional studies for prediction of cognitiveimpairment in subjects with white matter degeneration and subcortical white matter change can be influential on cognitivefunction and correlation dimension of EEG.

Background
s and objective : EEG reflect dynamic changes of continuous neuronal activities by internal and externalstimuli. The aim of this study is to quantify nonlinearly the local dynamic differences among EEG data correspondingto different states of brain.Methods : EEG was recorded from twelve healthy normal subjects(mean age, 29.7 years; 8 men and 4 women) usingdigital EEG machine. 18-channel EEG data were selected during eyes closed(EC), eyes open(EO), and mental arithmetic(MA) in each subject. Correlation dimension(D2) and largest Lyapunov exponent(LLE) were calculated fromthree states and average value was mapped 2 dimensionally and compared with each other.Results : The distribution of D2 was relatively symmetric and its value was higher in frontal than in parieto-occipitalregion during EC. These findings were reversed during EO. Bilateral centro-temporo-parietal region showed high D2value in MA compared with those in EC, which was more prominent in left side. LLE was larger than zero in all stateand showed significant differences among EC, EO and MA(p=0.000).Conclusion : These results suggest that nonlinear analysis of EEG can quantify dynamic state of brain.