Electroencephalography (EEG) produces time-series data of neural oscillations in the brain, and is one of the most commonly used methods for investigating both normal brain functions and brain disorders. Quantitative EEG analysis enables identification of frequencies and brain activity that are activated or impaired. With studies on the structural and functional networks of the brain, the concept of the brain as a complex network has been fundamental to understand normal brain functions and the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. Functional connectivity is a measure of neural synchrony in the brain network that refers to the statistical interdependency between neural oscillations over time. In this review, we first discuss the basic methods of EEG analysis, including preprocessing, spectral analysis, and functional-connectivity and graph-theory measures. We then review previous EEG studies of brain network characterization in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Identifying the EEG-based network characteristics might improve the understanding of disease processes and aid the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various neurological disorders.

Citations

• Augmented Recognition of Distracted Driving State Based on Electrophysiological Analysis of Brain Network
  Geqi Qi, Rui Liu, Wei Guan, Ailing Huang
  Cyborg and Bionic Systems.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can manifest with a broad spectrum of neurological complications. There are only rare reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) supervening on meningitis in patients with primary EBV infection. Clear evidence of central nervous system infection makes it difficult for the clinicians to consider a diagnosis of GBS. We present a patient with GBS supervening on meningitis in primary EBV infection.

Citations

• Neuromuscular Complications of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections
  Sarah Jacob, Ronak Kapadia, Tyler Soule, Honglin Luo, Kerri L. Schellenberg, Renée N. Douville, Gerald Pfeffer
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents various neurological complications. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infectious pathogen and causes retinitis, encephalitis and lumbosacral polyradiculopathy in the patient with HIV infection in late course. CMV polyradiculopathy in early stage of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is rare. Herein, we report 43-year old man presented with CMV polyraculopathy as the first manifestation of AIDS. Prognosis of CMV polyradiculopathy in patient with AIDS is extremely poor, so early diagnosis and proper treatment is very important.

Arsenic trioxide has been steadily used as a treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia over the decade. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of arsenic therapy and the symptoms are usually mild and reversible following discontinuation of the therapy. However, the clinical course of arsenic neurotoxicity in patient with coexistence of thiamin deficiency may potentially lead to be severe weakness and bad prognosis. It is important to determine the serum thiamine level of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia before administrating Arsenic trioxide