The ultimate role of ocular movements is to keep the image of an object within the fovea and thereby prevent image slippage on the retina. Accurate evaluations of eye movements provide very useful information for understanding the functions of the oculomotor system and determining abnormalities therein. Such evaluations also play an important role in enabling accurate diagnoses by identifying the location of lesions and discriminating from other diseases. There are various types of ocular movements, and this article focuses on saccades, fast eye movements, smooth pursuit, and slow eye movements, which are the most important types of eye movements used in evaluations performed in clinical practice.

Citations

• COMPARISON OF RANDOM SACCADE TEST AND CLINICAL SACCADOMETRY TEST RESULTS OF HEALTHY ELDERLY AND YOUNG INDIVIDUALS
  Gülce KİRAZLI, Gökçe SAYGI UYSAL, Ece ÇINAR, Aykut ÖZDOĞAN, Şüheda BARAN, Fatih TEKİN
  Turkish Journal of Geriatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of Eye Movements in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
  Marek Krivošík, Zuzana Košutzká, Marián Šaling, Veronika Boleková, Rebeka Brauneckerová, Martin Gábor, Peter Valkovič
  Medicina.2025; 61(4): 571.     CrossRef

The ultimate purpose of eye movement is to maintain clear vision by ensuring that images of observed objects are focused on the fovea in the retina. Accurate evaluation of ocular movements, including nystagmus and saccadic intrusions, provides very useful information for determining the overall function and abnormality of the complex oculomotor system, from the peripheral vestibular system to the cerebrum. Eye movement tests are therefore essential for the accurate diagnosis of patients who complain of dizziness and imbalance. They help to predict lesion locations from the peripheral vestibular system to the central cerebral cortex and play an important role in differentiation from other diseases. The methodology of recording and interpreting ocular movements using video-oculography are described in this review article.

Citations

• Miller Fisher syndrome initially presented as bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia: a case report
  Sanghyun Kim, Jusuck Lee, Daewoong Bae
  Research in Vestibular Science.2025; 24(1): 46.     CrossRef
• Transcranial temporal interference stimulation precisely targets deep brain regions to regulate eye movements
  Mo Wang, Sixian Song, Dan Li, Guangchao Zhao, Yu Luo, Yi Tian, Jiajia Zhang, Quanying Liu, Pengfei Wei
  Neuroscience Bulletin.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Although progressive lymphadenopathy is a typical feature, extranodal involvement may also occur, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, bone, thyroid, and testes. Central nervous system invasion is rare, so differentiating it from diseases such as inflammatory demyelinating disorder or infection is essential. DLBCL is therefore a challenge to diagnose, especially when the first findings are neurological symptoms. We report an unusual case of DLBCL that presented as transverse myelitis.