Invasive fungal infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Invasive fungal sinusitis can present as a Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) or orbital apex, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. Accurate diagnosis of fungal infection invading the cavernous sinus or orbital apex is essential to reduce mortality through early antifungal treatment and reduce the risk of worsening with steroid treatment due to misdiagnosis of THS. Herein, we report a case of invasive fungal sinusitis mimicking THS.

Brachial plexopathy secondary to prolonged malpositioning of the upper extremity is a rare but well-known post-operative complication with potentially significant medico-legal implications. The rise in the number of laparoscopic and robotic procedures requiring prolonged periods in Trendelenburg may lead to the increased incidence of this condition. We present three patients with reversible injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus that developed during laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries performed in the Trendelenburg position