Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and noninvasive tool for investigating the cortical excitability of the human brain and the neurophysiological functions of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neural circuits. Neurophysiological biomarkers based on TMS parameters can provide information on the pathophysiology of dementia, and be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease and differentiate different types of dementia. This review introduces the basic principles of TMS, TMS devices and stimulating paradigms, several neurophysiological measurements, and the clinical implications of TMS for Alzheimer’s disease.

Citations

• Transcranial application of magnetic pulses for improving brain drug delivery efficiency via intranasal injection of magnetic nanoparticles
  Eunbi Ye, Eunkyoung Park, Eunseon Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Seung Ho Yang, Sung-Min Park
  Biomedical Engineering Letters.2023; 13(3): 417.     CrossRef
• Implantable acousto-optic window for monitoring ultrasound-mediated neuromodulation in vivo
  Sungho Lee, Keunhyung Lee, Myunghwan Choi, Jinhyoung Park
  Neurophotonics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
  Fahad A. Somaa, Tom A. de Graaf, Alexander T. Sack
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

We performed intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (INM) during anteromesial temporal resection (AMTR) in a patient with lesional temporal lobe epilepsy. INM revealed a sudden decrease in N20 waves in somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and poor P100 waves in visual evoked potentials (VEPs). These changes developed after applying electrocoagulation in the right mesial temporal areas. Postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated right thalamic and medial occipital infarctions. SSEPs and VEPs monitoring can be useful for detecting posterior cerebral artery infarction in AMTR.

Citations

• Intraoperative and extraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in epilepsy surgery
  Dae Lim Koo, Dae-Won Seo
  Journal of Intraoperative Neurophysiology.2021; 3(1): 16.     CrossRef

High median nerve injury, defined as injury above the elbow, is very rare and characterized by flexion weakness of thumb and index finger and abnormal palmar sensation. Schwannoma of median nerve is rare and it usually causes no symptom or paresthesia only because it grows slowly. A 54-year-old woman experienced pain and weakness of the left thumb and index finger after a surgery of schwannoma removal at the left axilla. This case illustrates the clinical feature of high median nerve injury.

Facial nerve palsy after dental procedure is rarely reported. A 53-year-old woman visited our clinic due to right facial palsy after routine dental procedure with local anesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed right facial nerve enhancement in the labyrinthine segment. The mechanism of facial nerve palsy after dental procedure might be due to the direct needle injury of facial nerve or neurotoxicity of local anesthesia