Neuromuscular ultrasonography has emerged over the last decade as a useful tool for diagnosing peripheral nerve disorders. It has been studied extensively with a particular focus on the assessment of compression neuropathies. Neuromuscular ultrasonography complements electrodiagnostic studies well by visualizing both the nerve anatomy and surrounding structures, providing useful data that cannot be obtained using the latter methodology only. This review article summarizes and synthesizes the literature focusing on the diagnostic role of neuromuscular ultrasonography in common compression neuropathies of the upper limb.

Citations

• Residual limb neuropathic pain association with neuroma, prosthetic, function, and participation outcomes in individuals living with a transtibial amputation: an exploratory study
  Camille Fournier-Farley, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Dany H. Gagnon
  Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 57: jrm40551.     CrossRef

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy with heterogeneous features. Appropriate treatment will produce a favorable outcome, but a poor treatment response and severe disability have also been reported. The roles of the clinical phenotypes and electrophysiological features of CIDP as well as of autoantibodies against nodal and paranodal proteins have been highlighted previously due to their association with the treatment response and long-term prognosis. This review addresses the diverse factors associated with the prognosis of CIDP.

Citations

• Tendon-Sparing Extraocular Muscle Enlargement Associated With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
  Antonios D. Dimopoulos, Anne Barmettler
  Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2024; 40(2): e38.     CrossRef

The electrodiagnostic findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) play important roles in both understanding its pathophysiology and its diagnosis. Only demyelinating neuropathies were thought to be present when GBS patients were first diagnosed in Western countries, but the concept changed when many axonal GBS patients were reported in Asia. Reversible conduction failure was subsequently revealed, and it was recognized as a pathophysiologic continuum of axonal GBS. Thus, the electrodiagnostic findings in GBS have had a profound effect on the history of this disease.

Citations

• Predictors of the Short‐Term Outcomes of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Exploring Electrodiagnostic and Clinical Features
  Yi‐Hsiang Chen, Chia‐Lun Wu, Wei‐Chieh Weng, Yi‐Chia Wei
  Brain and Behavior.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) after severe/critical COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination
  Samira Bahrami, Behnaz Ansari, Leyla Norouzi-Barough, Bahram Bagherpour, Farzin Khorvash, Kiana Shirani, Saeed Abbasi, Roya Sherkat
  European Journal of Medical Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Guillain–Barre Syndrome-Like Polyneuropathy Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report
  Bo-Kang Cheng, Chien-An Ko, Chun-Lin Kuo, Te-Chi Nai, Wei Lin, Chung-Hsing Chou, Yueh-Feng Sung
  Acta Neurologica Taiwanica.2025; 34(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Symmetric Ascending Paralysis Secondary to West Nile Virus
  Alex Ashkin, Nicole Saccone, Jose Valle, Mark Rasnake
  Case Reports in Neurology.2023; 15(1): 120.     CrossRef
• Reversible conduction failure in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  Sooyoung Kim, Eun Kyoung Lee, Eunhee Sohn
  Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Review of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
  Gabriela Palombo, Blake Hoppe
  JBJS Journal of Orthopaedics for Physician Assista.2022; 10(1): e21.00031.     CrossRef
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection
  Jaeho Kang, Jeong Ik Eun, Hyunyoung Hwang, Byeol-A Yoon, Kyong Jin Shin
  Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2022; 40(3): 256.     CrossRef
• Invited Commentary – SARS-COV-2-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome Requires Appropriate Exclusion of Possible Differentials
  Jordan Yakoby
  The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021; 61(6): 794.     CrossRef
• Sequential Nerve Conduction Studies in Guillain-Barre Syndrome
  Madhu Nagappa, Arun B Taly
  Neurology India.2021; 69(2): 376.     CrossRef

Background
Peripheral nerve injury rarely occurs in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Based on our experience and previous reports, we consider prolonged immobilization a risk factor for the development of peripheral neuropathy in rhabdomyolysis patients.
Methods
This study analyzed 28 patients with rhabdomyolysis due to prolonged immobilization. We analyzed their demographic and laboratory data, clinical and imaging findings, and outcomes, and compared these factors between patients with and without neuropathy.
Results
Seven of the 28 patients had peripheral neuropathy, including sciatic neuropathy or lumbosacral plexopathy. Compared to those without neuropathy, the patients with neuropathy were younger (p = 0.02), had higher peak creatine kinase (CK) levels (p = 0.02), had higher muscle uptake in bone scans (p = 0.03), and more frequently exhibited abnormal muscle findings in computed tomography (CT) (p = 0.004).
Conclusions
Patients with prolonged immobilization-induced rhabdomyolysis and neuropathy had higher CK levels, increased uptake on bone scans, and more-frequent abnormal muscles on CT than those without neuropathy. These findings indicate that peripheral neuropathy is more likely to develop in patients with severe muscle injury.

Citations

• Crushing Muscles: A Case Study on Rhabdomyolysis, Renal Failure, and Compartment Syndrome Triggered by Pre-Workout Supplement Abuse
  Faryal Altaf, Vedangkumar Bhatt, Sindhaghatta Venkatram, Gilda Diaz-fuentes
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Foot drop secondary to rhabdomyolysis: improved foot dorsiflexion and gait after neurolysis and distal nerve transfer—a case series and literature review
  Rahul K Nath, Chandra Somasundaram
  Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Rare Complication of Rhabdomyolysis: Peripheral Neuropathy
  Chidinma Ejikeme, Ramez Alyacoub, Sherif Elkattawy, Tanya Shankar, Ruhin Yuridullah
  Cureus.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a heterogeneous encephalopathy with diverse clinical presentations. Here we report on a 69-year-old woman who presented with confusion, aphasia, fever, and focal ictal discharges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and a workup for other fever origins revealed no abnormality and a high level of thyroperoxidase antibody was detected, which findings led to a diagnosis of HE. The symptoms subsided after treatment. This study highlights the importance of considering HE in patients presenting with fever and abnormal EEG findings.

Sarcoglycanopathies are a rare group of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) caused by genetic variants in α-, β-, γ-, or δ-sarcoglycan that maintain membrane integrity and contribute to molecular signal processing. High-throughput nucleotide sequencing was performed in patients with slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness from early childhood with respiratory involvement, which detected a novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.601C>T;p.Gln201Ter) in SGCB. This report informs about the clinical characteristics of LGMD2E (type-2E LGMD) in Korea and provides genetic confirmation of the disease.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with numerous causes that include genetic factors. Efforts to reveal the genetics of ALS have identified several candidate genes that are associated with familial and sporadic ALS. Here we report a Korean ALS patient who showed prominent upper motor-neuron-related symptoms with marked brain atrophy and neuropsychological deficits. The findings were highly suggestive of ALS in a patient with a likely pathogenic FIG4 variant.

Citations

• Nanoparticles encapsulating phosphatidylinositol derivatives promote neuroprotection and functional improvement in preclinical models of ALS via a long-lasting activation of TRPML1 lysosomal channel
  Valentina Tedeschi, Valeria Nele, Valeria Valsecchi, Serenella Anzilotti, Antonio Vinciguerra, Laura Zucaro, Maria Josè Sisalli, Chiara Cassiano, Nunzia De Iesu, Giuseppe Pignataro, Lorella Maria Teresa Canzoniero, Anna Pannaccione, Giuseppe De Rosa, Agne
  Pharmacological Research.2024; 210: 107491.     CrossRef

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is characterized by the infiltration of malignant lymphoma cells into peripheral nerves, nerve roots, plexuses, or cranial nerves. This is a very rare complication of mantle-cell lymphoma. Diagnosing NL is made difficult by cerebrospinal fluid cytology and bone-marrow biopsy results often being negative. NL can appear as the only sign of recurrence in a patient with a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Here we present two cases of NL in patients with mantle-cell lymphoma diagnosed by positron emission tomography with deoxy-fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography.

Acute sarcoid myositis is rarely complicated by sarcoidosis, and steroid therapy is considered the standard treatment. We experienced a patient with acute sarcoid myositis who did not respond to aggressive high-dose corticosteroid therapy, but showed a dramatic improvement after the addition of weekly low-dose oral methotrexate (MTX). This intervention allowed the resumption of normal daily activities after 6 months. Our case strongly suggests that MTX should be considered in patients with acute sarcoid myositis that is resistant to corticosteroid therapy.

Citations

• Gross and Micro-Anatomical Study of the Cavernous Segment of the Abducens Nerve and Its Relationships to Internal Carotid Plexus: Application to Skull Base Surgery
  Grzegorz Wysiadecki, Maciej Radek, R. Shane Tubbs, Joe Iwanaga, Jerzy Walocha, Piotr Brzeziński, Michał Polguj
  Brain Sciences.2021; 11(5): 649.     CrossRef